Wednesday, November 30, 2011

[www.keralites.net] dam disasters all around the world

 

Marib Dam

575

ShebaYemen

Unknown (possibly neglect)

Pantano de Puentes

1802

Lorca, Spain

608 deaths, 1800 houses and 40000 trees destroyed[1]

Dale Dike Reservoir

1864

South YorkshireEngland,United Kingdom

Defective construction, small leak in wall grew until dam failed.

South Fork Dam

1889

Johnstown, Pennsylvania,United States

Blamed locally on poor maintenance by owners; court deemed it an "Act of God". Followed exceptionally heavy rainfall. Caused Johnstown flood.

Walnut Grove Dam

1890

Wickenburg, Arizona TerritoryUnited States

Heavy snow and rain following public calls by the dam's chief engineer to strengthen the earthen structure.

McDonald Dam

1900

TexasUnited States

Extreme current caused failure.

Austin Dam

1911

Austin, Pennsylvania,United States

Poor design, use of dynamite to remedy structural problems.

Desná Dam

1916

DesnáAustria-Hungary(now Czech Republic)

Construction flaws caused the dam failure

Lake Toxaway Dam

1916

Transylvania County, North Carolina

Heavy rains caused the dam to give way. Dam was later rebuilt in the 1960s

Sweetwater Dam

1916

San Diego County,California

Over-topped from flooding

Lower Otay Dam

1916

San Diego County,California

Over-topped from flooding; 40 deaths

Gleno Dam

1923

Province of BergamoItaly

Poor construction and design

Llyn Eigiau dam and the outflow also destroyed Coedty reservoirdam.

1925

DolgarrogNorth Wales,UK

Contractor blamed cost-cutting in construction but 25" of rain had fallen in preceding 5 days. This was the last dam failure to cause death in the UK to date (2010).

St. Francis Dam

1928

Valencia, CaliforniaLos Angeles CountyUnited States

Geological instability of canyon wall that could not have been detected with available technology of the time, combined with human error that assessed developing cracks as "normal" for a dam of that type.

Nanty Gro Reservoir in Wales

1942

Nanty Gro Valley, Wales

Destroyed during preparation for Operation Chastise in World War II.

Eder, Möhne Dams

1943

Eder Valley, Ruhr,Germany

Destroyed by bombing during Operation Chastise in World War II.

Vega de Tera

1959

RibadelagoSpain

144 deaths[2][3]

Malpasset

1959

Côte d'AzurFrance

Geological fault possibly enhanced by explosives work during construction; initial geo-study was not thorough.

Baldwin Hills Reservoir

1963

Los Angeles, California,United States

Subsidence caused by over-exploitation of local oil field

Spaulding Pond Dam (Mohegan Park)

1963

Norwich, Connecticut,United States

6 deaths, more than $6 million estimated damages

Vaiont Dam

1963

Italy

Strictly not a dam failure, since the dam structure did not collapse and is still standing. Filling the reservoir caused geological failure in valley wall, leading to 110 km/h landslide into the lake; water escaped in a seiche over the top of dam. Valley had been incorrectly assessed stable.

Mina Plakalnitsa, (Vratsa)

1966

VratsaBulgaria

A tailings dam at Plakalnitsa copper mine near the city of Vratsa failed. A total 450,000 cu m of mud and water inundated Vratsa and the nearby village of Zgorigrad, which suffered widespread damage. The official death toll is 107, but the unofficial estimate is around 500 killed. [4]

Buffalo Creek Flood

1972

West VirginiaUnited States

Unstable loose constructed dam created by local coal mining company, collapsed in heavy rain

Canyon Lake Dam

1972

South DakotaUnited States

Flooding, dam outlets flooded with debris.

Banqiao and Shimantan Dams

1975

China

Extreme rainfall beyond the planned design capability of the dam

Teton Dam

1976

IdahoUnited States

Water leakage through earthen wall, leading to dam failure.

Laurel Run Dam

1977

PennsylvaniaUnited States

Heavy rainfall and flooding that over-topped the dam.

Kelly Barnes Dam

1977

GeorgiaUnited States

Unknown, possibly design error as dam was raised several times by owners to improve power generation.

Machchu-2 Dam

1979

GujaratIndia

Heavy rain and flooding beyond spillway capacity.

Wadi Qattara Dam

1979

BenghaziLibya

Flooding beyond discharge and storage capacity damaged the main dam and destroyed the secondary dam in the scheme.

Lawn Lake Dam

1982

Rocky Mountain National ParkUnited States

Outlet pipe erosion; dam under-maintained due to location

Tous Dam

1982

Valencia, Spain

 

Val di Stava Dam collapse

1985

Italy

Poor maintenance and low margin for error in design; outlet pipes failed leading to pressure on dam.

Peruća Dam detonation

1993

Croatia

Not strictly a dam failure as there was a detonation of pre-positioned explosives by retreating Serb Forces.

Saguenay Flood

1996

QuebecCanada

Problems started after two weeks of constant rain, which severely engorged soils, rivers and reservoirs. Post-flood enquiries discovered that the network of dikes and dams protecting the city was poorly maintained.

Meadow Pond Dam

1996

New HampshireUnited States

Design and construction deficiencies resulted in failure in heavy icing conditions

Opuha Dam

1997

New Zealand

Heavy rain during construction caused failure, dam was later completed

Vodní nádrž Soběnov

2002

SoběnovCzech Republic

Extreme rainfall during the 2002 European floods

Ringdijk Groot-Mijdrecht

2003

WilnisNetherlands

Peat dam became lighter than water during droughts and floated away

Hope Mills Dam

2003

North CarolinaUnited States

Heavy rains caused earthen dam and bank to wash away

Big Bay Dam

2004

MississippiUnited States

A small hole in the dam, grew bigger and eventually led to failure.

Camará Dam

2004

Brasil

 

Shakidor Dam

2005

Pakistan

Sudden and extreme flooding caused by abnormally severe rain, 70 deaths

Taum Sauk reservoir

2005

Lesterville, MissouriUnited States

Computer/operator error; gauges intended to mark dam full were not respected; dam continued to fill. Minor leakages had also weakened the wall through piping.

Campos Novos Dam

2006

Campos NovosBrazil

Tunnel collapse

Gusau Dam

2006

GusauNigeria

Heavy flooding

Ka Loko Dam

2006

KauaiHawaii

Heavy rain and flooding. Several possible specific factors to include poor maintenance, lack of inspection and illegal modifications.

Lake Delton

June 9th, 2008

Lake DeltonWisconsin

Failure due to June 2008 Midwest floods.

Koshi Barrage

2008

KushaNepal

Heavy rain.

Situ Gintung Dam

2009

TangerangIndonesia

Poor maintenance and heavy monsoon rain

Kyzyl-Agash Dam

2010

Kazakhstan

Heavy rain and snowmelt

Hope Mills Dam

2010

North CarolinaUnited States

Sinkhole caused dam failure

Delhi Dam

2010

IowaUnited States

Heavy rain, flooding.

Ajka alumina plant accident

October 4, 2010

Hungary

Failure of concrete impound wall on alumina plant tailings dam.

Kenmare Resources tailings dam

October 8, 2010

Mozambique

Failure of tailings dam at titanium mine.

Fujinuma Dam

March 11, 2011

Japan

Failed after 2011 Tōhoku earthquake.

MullaPeriyar***

Coming soon

India, Kerala

Failed due to irresponsibility of central & state govt. and stubbornness of Tamil Nadu, (nearby state)


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